下面是小编为大家整理的民,主党人和共和党人Twitter上行为方式差异,供大家参考。
FOR
RELEASE
OCTOBER
15,
2020
Di ff e r e nc es
i n
How De moc r a t s
and Repub l i c ans
Be h a v e
on Twi tt er
A
s m AL l
m i no ri t y
o f
us e r s
c r e AT e
t he v AS t
m AJ o ri t y
o f
t w eet s
f r o m
U. S .
A d u l t s ,
A n d
69 %
o f
t h e s e
h i g h l y
pr ol i f i c
tw eete r s
A r e De m o c r A t s
FOR
MEDIA
OR
OTHER
INQUIRIES:
Aaron
Smith,
Director,
Data
Labs
Andrew
Grant,
Communications
Associate
202.419.4372
www.pewresearch.org
RECOMMENDED
CITATION
Pew
Research
Center,
October,
2020,
“Differences
in
How Democrats
and
Republicans
Behave
on
Twitter”
About
Pew
Research
Center
Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It does not take policy positions. The Center conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other data-driven social science research. It studies U.S. politics and policy; journalism and media; internet, science and technology; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and trends; and U.S. social and demographic trends. All of the Center’s reports are available at www.pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder.
© Pew Research Center 2020
How
we
did
this
Twitter is one of many online venues where politicians and the public can go to engage with the issues of the day, but it can be difficult to identify ordinary Americans among the many other types of accounts on the site. This analysis offers a window into the behaviors of U.S. adults on Twitter who identify with one of the two major U.S. political parties. To identify U.S. adults on the
platform (as distinct from organizational accounts or those belonging to users in other countries) and examine their Twitter behaviors, the Center fielded two separate surveys of U.S. adults in which respondents were asked to volunteer their Twitter handle for research purposes. After removing invalid handles and those whose accounts were set to private, this process produced a
set of 3,518 U.S. adults with valid, public accounts whose Twitter activity could be matched to their survey responses, including to their stated party affiliation.
The data used to describe how U.S. Twitter users differ from all U.S. adults is taken from a survey of 9,220 U.S. adults conducted Aug. 31-Sept. 7, 2020. Everyone who completed the survey is a member of Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The surveys are weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories.
Each of these components are described in greater detail in the report Methodology.
Di ff e r e nc es
i n
How
De m o c r a t s
a nd Re publ i c a ns
Behave on
Tw itte r
A
s m AL l
m i no ri t y
o f
us e r s
c r e AT e
t he v AS t
m AJ o ri t y
o f
t w eet s
f r o m
U. S .
A d u l t s ,
A n d
69 %
o f
t h e s e
h i g h l y
pr ol i f i c
tw eete r s
A r e
D e m o c r A ts Entering the peak of the the 2020 election season, social media platforms are firmly entrenched as a venue for Americans to process campaign news and engage in various types of social activism. But not all Americans use these platforms in similar ways. A new Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. adults’ Twitter behaviors finds that Democrats and Republicans have notable differences in how they use the site – from how often they tweet to the accounts they follow or mention in their own posts.
Most U.S. adults on Twitter post only rarely. But a small share of highly active users, most of whom are Democrats, produce the vast majority of tweets. The Center’s analysis finds that just 10% of users produced 92% of all tweets from
Small
share
of
highly
active
Twitter users,
majority
of
whom
are
Democrats, produce
bulk
of
tweets
from
U.S.
adults
For U.S. adults with public Twitter accounts … U.S. adults since last November, and that 69% of these highly prolific users identify as Democrats or Democratic-leaning independents. Top
10%
of tweeters
create
Of
the
top
10%
of
tweeters,
%
that
are
...
Dem/Lean
Dem
A number of factors contribute to this phenomenon. Previous Twitter analyses by the
of
all
tweets from
U.S.
users
Rep/Lean
Rep
26%
69%
Center have found that the platform contains a larger share of Democrats than Republicans. And in addition to being more prevalent on the site in general, the 10% most active Democrats Source:
Pew
Research
Center
analysis
of
3,518
U.S.
adults
with public
accounts.
Tweets
collected
via
API,
Nov.
11, 2019,
through
Sept.
14,
2020.
“Differences
in
How
Republicans
and
Democrats
Behave
on
Twitter”
PEW
RESEARCH
CENTER
typically produce roughly twice as many tweets
in a month (157) as the 10% most active Republicans (79).
Across both parties, those who use Twitter differ in several ways compared with non-users. For instance, Twitter-using Democrats and Republicans alike tend to be younger and have higher levels of educational attainment compared with members of each party who do not use the platform.
Although nearly identical shares of Republican Twitter users (60%) and non-users (62%) describe themselves as very or somewhat conservative, Democrats who use Twitter tend to be more liberal
92%
than non-users. Some 60% of Democrats on Twitter describe their political leanings as liberal (with 24% saying they are “very” liberal), compared with 43% among those who are not Twitter users (only 12% of whom say they are very liberal).
Beyond posting volume, Democrats and Republicans also differ from each other in their actual behaviors on the platform. For instance, the two accounts followed by the largest share of U.S. adults are much more likely to be followed by users from one party than the other. Former President Barack Obama (@BarackObama) is followed by 42% of Democrats but just 12% of Republicans, while President Donald Trump (@realDonaldTrump) is followed by 35% of Republicans and just 13% of Democrats.
Many other popular accounts are followed primarily by those who identify as either Democrat or Republican. However, a small number of the most-followed accounts on Twitter (mostly popular celebrities or entertainers) are followed by similar shares of U.S. adults belonging to each party.
Twitter-using
Democrats
tend
to
be
younger
and
more
liberal
than
non-users;
Twitter-using Republicans
are
younger,
but
just
as
conservative,
as
other
Republicans
Democratic and Republican Twitter users differ in several consistent ways compared with members of each party who do not use the platform. Most notably, Democrats and Republicans on the site (incuding political independents who “lean” toward either party) tend to be younger and more highly educated than fellow Democrats or Republicans who are not Twitter users.
These age differences are especially pronounced among Democrats. Some 37% of adult Democrats on Twitter are between the ages of 18 and 29, a figure that is 21 percentage points higher than their share (16%) among Democrats who are not Twitter users. Roughly one-in-five Republican Twitter users (22%) are 18 to 29 years old, compared with 12% of non- users. The shares of both Democratic (7%) and Republican (12%) Twitter users Democrats
on
more
likely
to
identify
as
liberal than
Democrats
who
are
not
users
% of Twitter users/non-users in each party who are … (for example, 60% of Democrats who use Twitter say they are very/ somewhat liberal, compared with 43% of Democrats who do not use Twitter) Rep/Lean
Rep
Dem/Lean
Dem
Use
Twitter Do
not
use
Conservative
Liberal
Ages
18-29
12
22
30-49
30
39
50-64
27
29
65+
12
29
who are 65 and older are much smaller than among non-users. College
graduate+ Some
College
26
35
34
34
H.S.
graduate
or less
31
40
In addition to being younger, the Twitter-using contingent of each party contains a larger share of college graduates – Source:
Survey
of
U.S.
adults
conducted
Aug.
21-Sept.
7,
2020. “Differences
in
How
Republicans
and
Democrats
Behave
on
Twitter”
PEW
RESEARCH
CENTER
and a lower share of those with a high school diploma or less – relative to those who are not Twitter users. And for Democrats and Republicans alike, Twitter users are more likely than non- users to say they use a variety of other online social platforms.
At the same time, these differences between Twitter users and non-users are not always consistent across parties. Most notably, Twitter-using Democrats include a much larger share of self- identified political liberals than Democrats who are not on the platform (60% vs. 43%). But among
60
62
43
60
16
37
35
40
17
7
26
24
35
30
24
44
32
35
Republicans, self-identified conservatives make up a nearly identical share of Twitter users and non-users (60% vs. 62%).
Minority
of
U.S.
adults
on
create
bulk
of
all
tweets,
and
Democrats
make
up
a majority
of
this
highly
active
group
Regardless of party, most Twitter users tweet very infrequently. The median U.S. adult Twitter user tweeted just once per month during the
time period of the study. The median Democrat posts just one tweet per month, and the median Republican has no monthly tweets. Similarly, the
For
Democrats
and
Republicans
alike, tweeting
behavior
dominated
by
a small
group
of
highly
active
U.S.
adults on
Medians among all U.S. adults with public Twitter accounts typical adult on the platform – regardless of party – has relatively few followers. The median Democrat is followed by just 32 other people, while 21 other users follow the median Republican.
Dem/Lean
Dem
Total
number of
tweets
in time
period Tweets per
month
U.S.
Adults on
10%
...
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